Basic Science

• Tissue Temperature Increases from a Red and Blue Combination Photobiomodulation Light Patch (Presentation at NATA 2018, RMATA 2019)

• Tissue Temperature Increase from Blue-Red Photobiomodulation Therapy Patch Euro. J. Sports Exerc. Sci., 2019, 7 (1): 40-43.

• Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation, Photochemistry and Photobiology. Photochem Photobiol. 2018 Mar;94(2):199-212.

• Are the mitochondrial respiratory complexes blocked by NO the targets for the laser and LED therapy? Lasers Med Sci. 2015 Jan;30(1):173-80.

• Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation. AIMS Biophys. 2017;4(3):337-361.

• Blue Laser Light Increases Perfusion of a Skin Flap Via Release of Nitric Oxide from Hemoglobin Mol Med 13, 22–29 (2007).

• Effects of low-level laser therapy on expression of TNF-α and TGF-β in skeletal muscle during the repair process. Lasers Med Sci. 2011 May;26(3):335-40.

Optical Measurement

• The dark art of light measurement: accurate radiometry for low-level light therapy. Lasers Med Sci. 2016 May;31(4):789-809.

Pain: General

• Treatment Parameters and Efficacy of Photobiomodulation for Pain Relief (Presentation at WAALT 2018)

• Optimal Laser Phototherapy Parameters for Pain Relief. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36(7): 354-362.
  

Pain: Acute

• Management of Pain and Recovery at point-of-care in acute sports and industrial injuries using PBM (Presentation at NAALT 2018, RMATA 2019) 

• Low-level laser therapy in acute pain: A systematic review of possible mechanisms of action and clinical effects in randomized-placebo-controlled trials. Photomed Laser Surg. 2006; 24(2): 158-168.  

• Inhibitory effects of laser irradiation on peripheral mammalian nerves and relevance to analgesic effects: a systematic review. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29(6): 365-381. 

• The Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Post-Surgical Pain. J Lasers Med Sci. 2019 Spring;10(2):79-85.

Pain: Chronic

• Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review [Internet]. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) 2018; Jun. Report No.: 18-EHC013-EF.
  

Pain: Neuropathic

• Clinical effectiveness of low-level laser treatment on peripheral somatosensory neuropathy. Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Apr;32(3):721-728.

• Use of low level laser therapy to control neuropathic pain: A systematic review. J Photochem Photobiol B 2016; 164: 36-42.

• Low level laser therapy for the patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy - A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019; Jul - Aug;13(4):2667-2670.
  

Muscle Recovery

• Consideration for Injury Prevention and Pain Management using Wearable Pulsed Blue-Red Photobiomodulation (Presentation at NATA 2018, NAALT 2018)  

• The effect of Pulsed vs. Continuous Photobiomodulation Therapy for Muscle Recovery after an Eccentric Exercise Protocol (Presentation at NATA 2018)

• Photobiomodulation Therapy is More Effective than Cryotherapy for Skeletal Muscle Recovery: A Critically Appraised Topic. J Sport Rehabil. 2019 Jul 1;28(5):526-531.

• The Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation Therapy Versus Cryotherapy for Skeletal Muscle Recovery: A Critically Appraised Topic. J Sport Rehabil. 2019 Jan 29:1-6.

• Photobiomodulation therapy for the improvement of muscular performance and reduction of muscular fatigue associated with exercise in healthy people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:181-214.

• A novel red-blue photobiomodulation therapy patch effects on a repetitive elbow flexion fatigue task. J Sport Rehabil. 2019 Jun 6:1-6.

• International Olympic Committee consensus statement on pain management in elite athletes. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51:1245-1258. [PDF]

Tissue Recovery

• The effect of Photobiomodulation on Healing of Quadriceps Muscle Contusions (Presentation at WAALT 2018, RMATA 2019)  

Anatomical Area: Ankle

• Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of led (627 +/- 10 nm) on the initial phase of ankle sprain treatment: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33(5): 1031-1038.

Anatomical Area: Calf

• The effects of laser treatment in tendinopathy: a systematic review. Acta Ortop Bras. 2015; 23(1):47-49.
  

Anatomical Area: Elbow

• Therapeutic effects of low-level laser on lateral epicondylitis from differential interventions of Chinese-Western medicine: systematic review. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28(3): 327-336.

Anatomical Area: Foot

• A systematic review of low-level light therapy for treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24(2):418-26.

Anatomical Area: Knee

• Safety and Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Lasers Med Sci 2017 Summer;8(Suppl 1):S12-S19.

• Efficacy of low-level laser therapy on pain and disability in knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2019 Oct 28;9(10):e031142.
  

Anatomical Area: Low Back

• The effectiveness of low level laser therapy for nonspecific chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:360-368.

• Noninvasive Treatments for Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians  Ann Intern Med 2017; 166(7): 514-530.
  

Anatomical Area: Neck

• Management of neck pain and associated disorders: A clinical practice guideline from the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration. Eur Spine J 2016; 25(7):2000-2022.

• Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo or active-treatment controlled trials. Lancet 2009; 374(9705): 1897-908.
  

Anatomical Area: Shoulder

• Systematic Review of Nondrug, Nonsurgical Treatment of Shoulder Conditions.  J Manipulative Physiological Therapeutics 2017; 40(5): 294-319.

• The efficacy of low-level laser therapy for shoulder tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Physiother Res Int 2015; 20(2): 108-25.

• Effectiveness of passive physical modalities for shoulder pain: systematic review by the Ontario protocol for traffic injury management collaboration. Phys Ther 2015; 95: 306-318.

Anatomical Area: Upper Extremity

• Low level laser therapy (Photobiomodulation therapy) for breast cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:833-846.
  

Conditions: Acne

• Optimizing the bactericidal effect of pulsed blue light on Propionibacterium acnes - A correlative fluorescence spectroscopy study. J Photochem Photobiol B 2019; Nov 12:202.

• Pulsed 450 nm blue light significantly inactivates Propionibacterium acnes more than continuous wave blue light. J Photochem Photobiol 2019; 111719.

Conditions: Carpal Tunnel

• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Management of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Evidence-based Clinical Guidelines. (PDF). February 29, 2016 

• Do patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome benefit from low-level laser therapy? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018 Aug;99(8):1650-1659.e15.

Conditions: Fibromyalgia

• Low-level laser therapy for fibromyalgia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Physician 2019; 22: 241-254.

Conditions: Lymphedema

• Low level laser therapy (Photobiomodulation therapy) for breast cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:833-846.

Conditions: Musculoskeletal

• The Use of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) For Musculoskeletal Pain. MOJ Orthop Rheumatol 2015; 2(5). 

• Low-level laser therapy and World Association for Laser Therapy for laser dosage recommendations in musculoskeletal disorders and injuries. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36(9): 457-459.

• Effects of low-level laser therapy on pain in patients with musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Phy Rehabil Med 2017: 53(4): 603-610.

Conditions: Osteoarthritis

• Safety and Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Lasers Med Sci 2017 Summer;8(Suppl 1):S12-S19. 

• Efficacy of low-level laser therapy on pain and disability in knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2019 Oct 28;9(10):e031142.

Conditions: Plantar Fasciitis

• Parameters and effects of photobiomodulation in plantar fasciitis: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2019 Jun;37(6):327-335.

• Clinical efficacy of low-level laser therapy in plantar fasciitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 2018; 97:43 (e12819). 

Conditions: Temporomandibular Disorder (TMJ)

• Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular myofascial pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Facial Pain Headache. Summer 2018;32(3):287–297. 

• Low-level laser therapy for temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Pain Res Manag. 2018 May 10;2018:4230583.

Conditions: Tendinopathy

• The efficacy of low-level laser therapy for shoulder tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Physiother Res Int 2015; 20(2): 108-25.

• A systematic review with procedural assessments and meta-analysis of low laser therapy in lateral elbow tendinopathy (tennis elbow). BMC Musculoskeletal Disord 2008; 9:75-90.

• International Olympic Committee consensus statement on pain management in elite athletes. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51:1245-1258. [PDF]

• The effects of laser treatment in tendinopathy: a systematic review. Acta Ortop Bras. 2015; 23(1):47-49.

Conditions: Wound Healing

• A systematic review of low-level light therapy for treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24(2):418-26.